[et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” fullwidth=”on” specialty=”off”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title admin_label=”Resilience of the global trade networks” title=”on” meta=”off” author=”on” date=”on” categories=”on” comments=”on” featured_image=”on” featured_placement=”background” parallax_effect=”off” parallax_method=”on” text_orientation=”center” text_color=”dark” text_background=”on” text_bg_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.73)” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” custom_css_main_element=”padding-bottom: 10px;” custom_padding=”15%||3%|” \/][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” fullwidth=”off” specialty=”off” transparent_background=”off” background_color=”rgba(12,113,195,0.16)” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Row”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=”TEASER” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”]<\/p>\n
Today\u2019s supply chains extend across the world and trade is a truly global phenomenon. It is therefore an issue of national security for every country to ensure the sustainability of their exports and imports. To help tackle this, IIASA researchers have analyzed key trade networks related to food and energy security, and examined their resilience and function. <\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” transparent_background=”off” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Row”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=”BODY” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”]<\/p>\n Seafood plays an important role in food security, making up nearly 20% of animal protein consumption around the world. At the same time, seafood supplies are vulnerable to natural disasters, fishery collapses, policy changes, and price spikes in fossil fuels.<\/p>\n To examine how seafood trade might be affected by such shocks, researchers from the IIASA Advanced Systems Analysis and Evolution and Ecology<\/a> programs developed a shock-propagation global trade network model. The results show that Central and West Africa are the most vulnerable to shocks. In addition, if such an event did occur, richer regions might be more willing to prioritize their domestic consumption, which would pass on the shock to other regions in the trade network. If this is taken into account in the model, the researchers found, Central and West Africa are even more at risk.<\/p>\n These findings suggest that countries can reduce their overall vulnerability to shocks by reducing reliance on imports and diversifying food sources. As international seafood trade grows, identifying these types of potential risks and vulnerabilities is important to build a more resilient food system [1].<\/p>\n Another important factor to take into account in trade networks is \u201cnon-market forces\u201d\u2014such as preferential trading agreements between countries that are not related to supply and demand. To reveal these non-market forces in trade networks, IIASA researchers developed a diagnostic tool and tested it on the oil trade\u2014one of the most important networks in the global economy.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image admin_label=”Figure” src=”http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/02\/Highlight4_1.jpg” title_text=”CLICK TO ENLARGE” show_in_lightbox=”on” url_new_window=”off” use_overlay=”off” animation=”left” sticky=”off” align=”left” force_fullwidth=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” \/][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=”BODY” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”]<\/p>\n By analyzing the historical trends in oil trade, the researchers determined the pairwise trade preferences and dependencies using a point-wise mutual information method. This approach compares the actual reality of the trade network with a \u2018neutral\u2019 model, in which bilateral trade is purely determined by each country\u2019s supply and demand constraints.<\/p>\n For example, using the tool, the team demonstrated that actual amount of oil imported from Canada to USA was seven times larger than suggested by the demand-supply based neutral model. This can be attributed to the non-market impacts of geographical proximity and some preferentiality [2].<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image admin_label=”Figure” src=”http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/02\/Highlight4_2.jpg” title_text=”CLICK TO ENLARGE” show_in_lightbox=”on” url_new_window=”off” use_overlay=”off” animation=”right” sticky=”off” align=”right” force_fullwidth=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” \/][et_pb_text admin_label=”Caption” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”]<\/p>\n Global seafood trade among world regions. A band\u2019s width represents the traded biomass and a band\u2019s color represents the importing region. The new study assesses the vulnerability of world regions to supply shocks in this trade network.<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” fullwidth=”off” specialty=”off” transparent_background=”off” background_color=”rgba(12,113,195,0.16)” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Row” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” use_custom_gutter=”off” allow_player_pause=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_equal=”off” parallax_1=”off” parallax_method_1=”off” custom_width_px=”1220px” parallax_2=”off” parallax_method_2=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=”References” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”]<\/p>\n [1] Gephart JA, Rovenskaya E, Dieckmann U, Pace ML, & Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m \u00c5 (2016). Vulnerability to shocks in the global seafood trade network<\/a>. Environmental Research Letters<\/em> 11: 035008. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" More >><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2525,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,13,11,2,22,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asa","category-africa","category-americas","category-future","category-other","category-global","wpautop"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/02\/ASA_Resilience.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8n9wa-DR","jetpack_sharing_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2471"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2471\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}References<\/h3>\n
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[2] Kharrazi A & Fath BD (2016). Measuring global oil trade dependencies: An application of the point-wise mutual information method<\/a>. Energy Policy<\/em> 88: 271-277. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″][et_pb_button admin_label=”Button” button_url=”http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/asa\/” url_new_window=”off” button_text=”Advanced Systems Analysis Program” button_alignment=”left” background_layout=”dark” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”15″ button_bg_color=”#006ac1″ button_border_width=”0″ button_border_radius=”20″ button_letter_spacing=”0″ button_use_icon=”on” button_icon=”%%67%%” button_icon_color=”#ffffff” button_icon_placement=”left” button_on_hover=”on” button_border_color_hover=”#5590c1″ button_border_radius_hover=”20″ button_letter_spacing_hover=”0″ \/][et_pb_text admin_label=”Collaborators” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”]<\/p>\nCollaborators<\/h3>\n
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