[et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” fullwidth=”on” specialty=”off”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title admin_label=”Energy and the Sustainable Development Goals” title=”on” meta=”off” author=”on” date=”on” categories=”on” comments=”on” featured_image=”on” featured_placement=”background” parallax_effect=”off” parallax_method=”on” text_orientation=”center” text_color=”dark” text_background=”on” text_bg_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.73)” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” custom_css_main_element=”padding-bottom: 10px;” custom_padding=”15%||3%|” \/][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” fullwidth=”off” specialty=”off” transparent_background=”off” background_color=”rgba(12,113,195,0.16)” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Row” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=”TEASER” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”]<\/p>\n
In exploring the complex interplay between climate action and sustainable development, the IIASA Energy Program (ENE) has assessed what makes climate policies effective. Specifically the researchers have explored the interaction of climate policy with a host of other policy objectives, including the implications for water and energy security. <\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” transparent_background=”off” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Row” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=”BODY” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”]<\/p>\n Designing effective policy is crucial if we are to avoid catastrophic climate change. To determine what works, researchers from the Linking<\/em> Climate and Development \u2013 Leveraging International Networks and Knowledge Sharing<\/em><\/a> (CD-LINKS) project examined 19 case studies. Barriers to policy success included a lack of money and required infrastructure, or contractual challenges when many parties needed to establish business relations. When it came to the interaction of climate and sustainable development, many cases\u2014especially those in developing countries\u2014showed that other aspects of sustainability, such as reducing air pollution, were the drivers behind policies and climate mitigation was essentially a co-benefit.<\/p>\n Through collaboration with international modeling teams (in Brazil, China, the EU, India, Japan, Russia, and the USA) the CD-LINKS project has also developed transformation pathways that coincide with national contexts but at the same time are consistent with the Paris Agreement objectives of limiting temperature change to 1.5-2\u00b0C.<\/p>\n Limiting temperature change in this way will require a transformation of the global energy system. However, different climate-friendly energy technologies require varying amounts of water, and therefore such a transition could have a substantial impact on water demand. To examine these impacts, ENE enhanced the Model for Energy Supply Strategy Alternatives and their General Environmental Impact<\/a> (MESSAGE) to account for energy-related water use. After applying the model to a range of scenarios, all of which would ensure a 2\u00b0C limit [1], the researchers demonstrated that strategies combining improved energy efficiency with a rapid scale-up of solar and wind power generation can yield climate stabilization, reduced water demand, and improved water quality.<\/p>\n A case study on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia illustrated the critical need of balancing water use and climate objectives on the national level. In Saudi Arabia, a transition away from groundwater use by the year 2050 could increase national electricity demands by more than 40% relative to 2010 conditions. Simon Parkinson and colleagues conclude that the increase in energy demand would be primarily due to the expansion of energy-intensive desalination and water conveyance [2][3].<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image admin_label=”Figure 1″ src=”http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/02\/ENE_Energy_Fig1.png” title_text=”CLICK TO ENLARGE” show_in_lightbox=”on” url_new_window=”off” use_overlay=”off” animation=”left” sticky=”off” align=”left” force_fullwidth=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” \/][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”]<\/p>\n Economic impacts of combined climate and groundwater policies in Saudi Arabia. a. Population to 2050; b. Income to 2050; c. Cost for combined water-energy system development relative to a case no groundwater or climate targets [2].<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=”BODY” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”]<\/p>\n Another study examined the impact of energy imports on greenhouse gas emissions. While it has been established that energy imports would fall if greenhouse gas emissions were reduced, the team wanted to know if emissions fall when energy imports are restricted.<\/p>\n The results showed that while emissions reductions generally benefit energy security\u2014by reducing energy imports\u2014policies focusing on energy security do not show the same co-benefits for climate targets. In fact, policies to reduce energy imports would only lower emissions enough to limit warming to roughly 3.5\u00b0C to 4\u00b0C.<\/p>\n The study also compared the relative costs of energy independence and climate policies. Reducing energy imports would cost between 3 and 20 times less than stabilizing climate change at 2\u00b0C by 2100, but would be comparable to the cost of the climate pledges. Thus, while climate policies can lead to lower energy imports, these can be reduced more cheaply through energy import restrictions.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image admin_label=”Figure 2″ src=”http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/02\/ENE_Energy_Fig2NEW.jpg” title_text=”CLICK TO ENLARGE” show_in_lightbox=”on” url_new_window=”off” use_overlay=”off” animation=”right” sticky=”off” align=”left” force_fullwidth=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” \/][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”]<\/p>\n The impacts of energy import restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions and the relative costs of energy independence and climate policies.<\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” fullwidth=”off” specialty=”off” transparent_background=”off” background_color=”rgba(12,113,195,0.16)” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Row” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” use_custom_gutter=”off” allow_player_pause=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_equal=”off” parallax_1=”off” parallax_method_1=”off” custom_width_px=”1220px” parallax_2=”off” parallax_method_2=”off” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=”References” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”]<\/p>\n [1] Fricko O, Parkinson S, Johnson N, Strubegger M, van Vliet MTH, & Riahi K (2016). Energy sector water use implications of a 2\u00b0C climate policy<\/a>. Environmental Research Letters<\/em> 11 (3): e034011. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" More >><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3465,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,14,2,59,22,17,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-americas","category-asia","category-future","category-cd-links","category-other","category-ene","category-europe","wpautop"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/02\/ENE_Balancing.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8n9wa-Sv","jetpack_sharing_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3379"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3379\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}References<\/h3>\n
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[2] Parkinson S, Djilali N, Krey V, Fricko O, Johnson N, Khan Z, Sedraoui K, & Almasoud AH (2016). Impacts of Groundwater Constraints on Saudi Arabia\u2019s Low-Carbon Electricity Supply Strategy<\/a>. Environmental Science & Technology<\/em> 50 (4): 1653-1662
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[3] Parkinson S, Makowski M, Krey V, Sedraoui K, Almasoud AH, & Djilali N (2017). A multi-criteria model analysis framework for assessing integrated water-energy system transformation pathways<\/a>. Applied Energy<\/em>.
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[4] Cherp A, Jewell J, Vinichenko V, Bauer N, & De Cian E (2013). Global energy security under different climate policies, GDP growth rates and fossil resource availabilities<\/a>. Climatic Change<\/em> 136 (1): 83-94.
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[5] Jewell J, Cherp A, & Riahi K (2014). Energy security under de-carbonization scenarios: An assessment framework and evaluation under different technology and policy choices<\/a>. Energy Policy <\/em>65: 743-760.
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[6] Jewell J, Cherp A, Vinichenko V, Bauer N, Kober T, McCollum DL, van Vuuren DP, & van der Zwaan B (2013). Energy security of China, India, the E.U. and the U.S. under long-term scenarios: Results from six IAMs. Special Issue on Implementing Climate Policies in the Major Economies: An Assessment of Durban Platform Architectures \u2014 Results from the LIMITS Project<\/a>. Climate Change Economics<\/em> 4 (4): p. 1340011.
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[7] Pahle M, Pachauri S, & Steinbacher K (2016). Can the Green Economy deliver it all? Experiences of renewable energy policies with socio-economic objectives<\/a>. Applied Energy<\/em>: 1331-1341.
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[8] Rogelj J, den Elzen M, H\u00f6hne M, Franzen T, Fekete H, Winkler H, Schaeffer R, Sha F, et al. (2016). Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2\u00b0C<\/a>. Nature<\/em> 534: 631-639.
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[9] von Stechow C, Minx JC, Riahi K, Jewell J, McCollum D, Callaghan MW, Bertram C, Luderer G, et al. (2016). 2\u00b0C and SDGs: united they stand, divided they fall?<\/a> Environmental Research Letters<\/em> 11 (3): e034022. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″][et_pb_button admin_label=”Button” button_url=”http:\/\/ar16.iiasa.ac.at\/ene\/” url_new_window=”off” button_text=”Energy Program” button_alignment=”left” background_layout=”dark” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”15″ button_bg_color=”#006ac1″ button_border_width=”0″ button_border_radius=”20″ button_letter_spacing=”0″ button_use_icon=”on” button_icon=”%%67%%” button_icon_color=”#ffffff” button_icon_placement=”left” button_on_hover=”on” button_border_color_hover=”#5590c1″ button_border_radius_hover=”20″ button_letter_spacing_hover=”0″ \/][et_pb_text admin_label=”Collaborators” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” border_style=”solid” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial” _builder_version=”3.0.49″]<\/p>\nCollaborators<\/h3>\n
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